Marine Engineering

This content of the present volume is mainly based on the field and teaching experience of the author in testing of the various types of HVAC systems, their balancing, design and evaluation. There are two basic methods of balancing. One method is balancing from the terminals back to the fan or pump.

This method is proportional balancing. It was during a job at a nuclear power plant many years ago that I first started using the proportional method that I have outlined in this text. As we could not get enough experienced balancing technicians for the project, I began instructing sheet metal mechanics with little or no balancing background in proportional balancing. I found that the proportional method was quickly learned in a classroom setting and then applied to the field.

The proportional method follows a scientific approach with quite predictable results, it also establishes a starting point and allows others with proportional balancing experience to take over the balancing when there is a need for that, large systems are balanced quicker, and the least resistance is imposed on the system while delivering air or water to the terminals at design or at the highest possible flow quantities... The author has continued to teach the presented method in his classes, seminars and in-house training programs and now with the СТАВ program with great success...

This manual has been mainly intended to be used by the personnel concerned with the chemical testing as well as dosing and control of a shipboard water treatment. It includes technical explanations of why exactly the water treatment is always considered necessary and descriptions of various methods that are used in the modern marine practice.

The book also explains the purpose and proper application of each chemical. Note that the present edition of the publication has been  significantly updated in order to include the latest tests and treatments. Today, the power plants installed on board of the modern marine vessels are considerably more efficient than they used to be.

The diesel engines and marine boilers are usually built with the main intention to get the maximum possible energy from the fuel and to turn subject energy into work. Moreover, the electrical generators and turbines plus all auxiliary equipment are designed to provide the max effective utilization of the mechanical or steam energy supplied to them.

The effectiveness of the shipboard power plant operation would mainly be dependent on the quality of the received water. In the meantime it shall be taken into account that various contaminants could cause serious damage to the power plant equipment.

The present official supplementary reference document was specifically prepared and officially released by the  specialists of the world respected Electro Static Technology ITW and is primarily dedicated to the VFD, standing for the variable frequency drives. When the PWM VFD, i.e. pulse width modulation drives were developed using IGBTs, i.e. the insulated gate bipolar transistors, this advanced and newly presented technology was first applied to controlling electric induction motors in both commercial and industrial applications.

The advantages were obvious: Torque and motor speed could now be precisely controlled to optimize both process and energy requirements, The potential to save energy by operating motors at only the required speed and, at the same time, maintaining applicable torque requirements would potentially result in a 20% to 50% energy savings, Processes can be optimized and controlled by computer processing systems to achieve productivity increases or energy savings.

Nowadays, the use of these variable frequency drives is slowly getting increasingly common when making attempts to save the energy in HVAC systems and to reduce the associated energy costs. When using the VFD technology, please note as necessary that this type of motors shall always have the bearing protection in order to ensure reliability and safe operation.

This is the third edition of the popular and remarkably comprehensive Valve Handbook significantly revised in order to include the details of the recent technological advances and discuss the design and performance-related issues, selection of the valves, their operation and practical applications.

This reference source has been updated and now includes a completely new chapter dedicated to the green technology that is currently being employed by the industry, and also to provide better overview of the key environmental standards expected to be met by the process plants. This publication contains new useful information on valves that are is use in the waste water industry, covers the application of the ESO valves designed to the emergency shutting down, some attention has been paid to the valves specifically designed to be used in the nuclear industry, and to the procurement process for the N-stamp.

The latest changes that occurred in the shutoff classifications have also been dealt with, together with the application of the wireless technologies to current smart tech. In addition, note that among the topics covered within this edition of the handbook there are criteria for selection of valves, problems commonly faced with the valves, manual actuators, smart positioners and so many others.

First of all, we would like to note that the main of the initially declared objectives of this volume was to prepare the marine engineering students and, actually, learners of any relevant discipline for the COC, i.e. Certificates of Competency. The material that has been included in this book by the author is covering the work that is necessary to pass the examination.

Note, however, that this book is not really intended to serve as a nicely detailed reference book - it should rather be considered a specific examination guidance. Most of the sketches included in the book are mainly intended to serve as the applications to the exam requirements. Obviously, the best way to learn the subject is to read very thoroughly and carefully through each of the chapters of this book, paying particular attention to the sketchwork and drawings, where applicable. Plus, there are several questions located at the end of each chapter helping to control the progress and evaluate your knowledge.

The book has been conveniently arranged in nine major sections that address the construction materials and welding issues, fuel oil technologies, marine boilers, ancillaries, corrosion matters, boiler water treatment and associated tests, steering gear, shafting arrangements, refrigerating installations, both active and passive measures of fire protection, pumps and various pumping systems together with piping, safety matters and procedures etc.

The present guidance has been prepared by CEATI professionals and was specifically aimed at assisting the personnel involved with the implementation of the methods of ensuring energy efficiency and all relevant practices. The main emphasis has been made by the author on the refrigeration systems having a small and medium size.

This publication would also help them to make proper technical decisions relating to the operation and day-to-day maintenance of the existing refrigeration systems; it would even be quite useful when applied to the modification or re-configuration of the subject systems.

The readers will get necessary guidance that is very difficult to obtain in other publications. Various refrigeration systems are characterized in this guide; quick reference on various established techniques of performance optimization is provided; the main procedures of the performance testing have been reviewed. In short, this is a definitely excellent source of information recommended to be used by any persons who are directly involved in any activities that are relating to the refrigeration systems due to the amount of the information contained.

Please note as necessary that the specialists operating and maintaining the refrigeration systems are expected to follow all applicable safety procedures and techniques prior to the commencement of any operations.

The long list of topics covered within this publication there are compressors, refrigerants, the refrigeration cycle, water towers, condensers, oil in the refrigerant circuits, expansion valves, evaporators, cold store construction, controls and other air conditioning circuit components - their selection and balancing, materials and construction, site erection, and many more, liquid chillers, brines, ice and thermal storage, refrigeration technologies used in the food trades, dairy and some other industries, freezing and freeze-drying of food, refrigeration and air-conditioning load estimation, air movement and different air conditioning methods, air drying and dehumidifiers, heat recovery, heat pumps, control systems, commissioning and important operational matters, periodical maintenance and servicing, fault training, training, economy and efficiency in operation, and catalogue selection.

This work provides several practical examples of the real-life applications of the refrigeration technology and is also showing readers the numerous options that are available to solve the problems that commonly occur in the mechanical cooling systems. Of course, the readers shall understand that it is absolutely not possible to include the all information required to design a complete system in one volume. However, the publication outlines the basic design principles.

This useful textbook on pumping machinery was prepared to cover both theoretical basics and popular practical applications of various pumping machinery and associated arrangements. The key features of the present publication would include a comprehensive coverage of the relevant technical characteristics of various types of pumps, including axial flow, displacement and centrifugal pumps, considering the performance of the pumping machinery and addressing of the common problems of operational type.

In addition to what is stated above, the book is covering several advanced areas of subject technology, including, for example, both two-phase and three-phase flow pumping systems and multi-phase flow principles. Several different methods of flow rate control and the relevance of those methods to the matters of energy consumption and total efficiency of the machinery have also been touched within this volume.

Each of the chapters contains some informative solved examples taken from real life. It is definitely a truly comprehensive reference source that will be very useful for both practicing engineers and researchers in the subject industry, and also for the students of marine, mechanical and other fields of engineering, owing to the huge amount of technical material that has been included in the volume and the quite easy-to read and understandable manner this material has been arranged by the author.​