Born on 23 March 1822, Wilhelm Bauer, started his work on development of the different new submersible designs back in 1848—a subject that attracted considerable attention during the German-Danish War and raised high expectations at the time. His first submarine sketch, created in 1850, featured a single-hull design with transverse frames and 6mm riveted iron plating.
While the original blueprint included two floodable compartments and one control compartment, this configuration was ultimately not built. Instead, 20 tons of iron in the keel served as ballast, with trim regulated by a movable 0.5-ton weight. Propulsion relied on two pedal-driven wheels connected via a two-stage transmission to a drive shaft and propeller. Despite the design changes, the initial concept already contained all the fundamental elements of a functional submarine.
In fact, the British author Burgoyne argued that Bauer contributed more to submarine development than any other inventor. Nevertheless, the completed vessel did not fully realize all of Bauer's original ideas. The final submarine displaced between 28.2 and 30.95 tons, measuring 8.07 m in length, 2.01 m in beam, and 2.63 m in draught. Construction commenced in 1850 at the Hollersch Glassworks in Rendsburg, with additional work carried out by Schweffel & Howaldt in Kiel.
The book you are holding in your hands is actually the very latest edition of the world famous and popular series of pocket handbooks developed and released by the Falcon. These handy size guidebooks are there to provide interested readers with the practically relevant and useful information and ready-to-go tips in connection with the ropework.
Cliff Jacobson, who himself is one of the professionals featuring impressive outdoor skills, collected huge amount of the information and presented it in a way easily accessible even to thew novices. Go through the pages of this compact publication and you will get to know how to select the best knot for the particular case, and, moreover, how to tie it with no help.
The instructions are really step-by-step so you do need to be prepared or to possess some prior skills, knowledge or experience, just read attentively, follow and start immediately. Note that the volume is not only for the seamen, yachters or boaters – it is equally useful to any outdoor fan.
As we are all aware, UNCLOS, standing for the UN Convention of the Law of the Sea, is considered one of the cornerstone international conventions in the world of today’s maritime shipping. The subject convention was adopted back in 2012 and eventually was completed in 1994 through revising its nineth part dealing with the deep sea mining.
Nowadays, and in addition to the EU nations, there are more than hundred and sixty countries signatory to the convention. With more than thirty years in the making, it managed to get to the impressive breakthrough by bringing one of the more critical struggles to an end – we are talking about the control of the coastal nations over the resources in their coastal waters.
The decision and actual solution came with dividing the ocean and assigning two-hundred-mile economic zone to the coastal states, which can be used for their interest. Meanwhile, the ocean navigation retained traditional freedom, and this is one of the key points to consider at all times.
Repairs on a vessel are unavoidable. Structures get old and rusted, and it's up to seafarers to perform any maintenance and keep the ship functional. Many times this requires hot work. Hot work is dangerous and requires extra precautions for the safety of everyone on board. By practicing good procedures, you can avoid fires and save lives.
Hot work is anything that produces a possible source of ignition such as a flame or spark. Examples of hot work include welding, cutting, brazing, soldering, grinding, and the use of a gas oxygen cutting torch. Fire is a potential hazard. Regulate and control hot work in a deliberate manner. Consider any possible hazards and outcomes. Think about the tools that you will need and any precautions that you must take to keep the area safe.
Before performing any hot work, consider: Is it necessary? Instead of welding, can mechanical bolting be done? Can manual
hydraulic shears be used in place of torch cutters? If hot work cannot be avoided, you must obtain a hot work permit or a marine chemist certificate. This permit is the first and most important step towards doing the job. Hot work permits ensure you are thinking critically about potential hazards.
To obtain a permit, you must meet with the officer in charge for review and final approval to start work. There are a few things you need to do when filling out a hot work permit. Analyze the risk to determine if it will be safe enough to perform work. State the location and reason for the hot work on the permit. Identify areas of the vessel where hot work is not permitted.
You are highly encouraged to have a look at this sixth edition of one of the most popular dictionaries of ship terminology available today. Note that the content of the previous release has been supplemented with more than three hundred new terms, provided with the traditionally good explanations.
This new edition features impressive coverage of the major bulk cargoes and the way they are normally shipped and handled onboard modern vessels. In addition, the equipment that is involved, is also addressed in detail. Moreover, the container shipping has also been dealt with.
The author of the volume made a truly great effort in trying to clearly identify and define all standard documents, including those newly introduced and revised ones, such as the bills of lading, and added numerous new clauses tat are nowadays included in the subject documents. In general, the material of the previous edition was thoroughly reworked and updated, making the dictionary a must-have book for all people in the industry.
This relatively compact yet extremely comprehensive publication was developed and released by Chevron, one of the world leaders in the fuel oil field of today. The intention of its authors was to present industry some ready to use guidance that would be easily applied to the day-to-day operations.
Starting with the brief introduction to what the fuel oils are, and some historical background of the oil exploration and production, the authors give a good overview of the crude oils, including the way they are formed in nature, their classification and composition and, of course, refining of the crude oil for subsequent production of the fuel oils.
After that, the fuel oils themselves are covered in detail - here the authors concentrated on the applications and technical specifications of the fuels, treatment that the fuel oil shall undergo onboard ships, compatibility of the fuels and their stability, fuel commingling and other aspects. Moreover, such interesting areas as biofuel and fuel contamination have also been addressed, together with the chemical treatment of the fuel oils.
The maritime ecosystem is intricate and comprises numerous entities that engage with one another. These entities include ports, ships, port authorities, maritime and insurance companies, customs, the shipping industry, banks, ministries, various commercial providers, and additional infrastructures such as railroads and airports. All these interactions are facilitated by sophisticated and diverse information and communication technology systems.
Commercial ports are classified as critical infrastructures for transportation due to their large-scale nature, where any degradation, interruption, or impairment of their physical or cyber systems can have severe repercussions on national security, health, safety, economy, and the welfare of both citizens and nations. They are characterized by a multitude of interdependencies with other entities within the maritime ecosystem. The effective operation of commercial ports is heavily reliant on the proper functioning of both their physical and cyber systems.
The substantial volume of critical and sensitive data, the information and services managed on a daily basis, the numerous entities that require service, and the interdependencies with other infrastructures necessitate robust security management. This book examines the current state of security concerning the critical information infrastructures of commercial ports and their supply chains, while also identifying gaps in the security management of these ports' CIIs, and proposing research directions and recommendations.
Since the release of the fifth British edition, along with the Russian and Taiwanese editions, there has been significant advancement in navigational equipment, prompting numerous additions, omissions, and enhancements in this sixth edition. The Consol and Omega systems are now rarely utilized on merchant marine vessels, leading to a substantial reduction in their descriptions; however, since they operate on the same principle as the Decca system, they have been included in Chapter 4.
The brief chapter on integrated navigation systems has been removed, but a new chapter on the Global Positioning System has been introduced, which is expected to become operational in 1992. Utilizing highly advanced electronic techniques, this satellite system will offer accuracy that surpasses all current positioning systems. In the first chapter and the chapter on radar, there are various additional clarifications regarding the side lobes of a radar main beam, examples of Parallel Index Navigation, and the principles and application of Automatic Radar Plotting Aids (ARPA).
The Transit system is widely used, and although it is anticipated to become obsolete approximately two years after the GPS is launched, it is still included in the text. Various topics are now discussed in greater detail in an Appendix. While knowledge of these topics is not crucial for comprehending the main content of the book, it is provided for those interested.