Marine Science & Oceanography

This volume presented by Edward Carpenter and Douglas Capone is the result of their remarkable efforts in preparing the publication that would provide the industry with a single volume containing virtually all necessary technical info relating to the numerous aspects of the nitrogen cycle.

This publication is intended to present the results of the very latest technological advances and relevant researches conducted in the field of the ocean productivity, with particular emphasis being placed on the key role that the microbes play in the transformations of nitrogen, with excursion to the higher levels.

The main content of this volume is arranged in twenty-four chapters, starting with a brief general overview of both distribution and abundance of different nitrogen forms in various estuaries. This part of the publication provides readers with a thorough comparison of the cycling of nitrogen of various ecological systems within marine environment. The chemical distribution has been discussed there in the other chapter together with the methodology.

The book also covers the enzymology  of the starting steps of assimilation of the inorganic nitrogen. The closing chapter is mainly focusing on the application and philosophy of modeling treated as one of the investigative research methods in both open-ocean - and coastal environments...

Today, the role of the chronobiology is in proper understanding of the time base of both marine animals and plants, along with their behavior, physiology and ecology, is being deservedly recognized and this recognition is constantly increasing. It shall be noted, however, that the major portion of all efforts that have been made by the scientists so far was focusing on the seasonal/daily rhythmicity that is commonly associated with the solar periodicity.

In his publication the author, Ernest Naylor, who is the expert in his field, has made a brilliant attempt to describe how exactly the marine organisms ranging from the single cells and up to the vertebrates, and living in estuaries, as well as in the open-ocean and on the sea shores, evolved the bio-clockwork together with the mechanisms of synchronization controlling their rhythmic processes and also their navigational behavior.

The author has also applied a hypo-testing and experimental approach and, as a result, this volume could be used by the any-level students of marine science, marine biology and ecology, oceanography, behavior of the animals and all other biological sciences; it will also be very useful when used as an into for researchers, such as the biologists, biochemists and physiologists, making their first steps in chronobiology.

Today, existing risks of possible serious shortages for some critically important metals and serious uncertainty about the known/expected reserves of other metals, that are located on the land, are justifying the searches for the diversification of the sources of supply and to the investigation of their potential. The existing resources of minerals that are situated in the deep sea have already attracted rapt attention of the industry; note that the interest to the those resources is constantly increasing in line with the discoveries of different forms of ores.

The study contained in this volume is mainly intended to take stock of the professional experience as well as the relevant technical knowledge, directly related to the mineralizations together with the associated metals and technologies available to explore and exploit them; moreover, the biological diversity and all possible impacts on the environment plus the partnerships vital for Europe and France, possessing the areas of mineral resources in the seafloors of three oceans, have been dealt with.

The info selected for the inclusion into the volume will be equally useful and practical for all people involved in making key decisions in preparing and implementing the strategies, various development programs and relevant researches, and commercial utilizations for subject resources...

This volume has actually been motivated by the very recent surge in the availability and density of Lagrangian measurements as well as latest math and methodological developments in the field of analysis of the relevant data in order to improve the characteristics of the circulation models and many applications to dispersion of various biological species.

One of the main intentions of the present publication was to conduct a proper and thorough review of Lagrangian observations, as well as  the applicable methods of assimilation and analysis in both biological and physical oceanography; it is also intended to present some of the brand new methods of subject analysis and assimilation of the data, plus applications of the stochastic models from the studies of biological dispersion.

Some of the chapters of this book have been specifically prepared while others had been presented at various LAPCOD workshops. In fact, this work may be considered a very first of its kind due its core topic being the Lagrangian point of view applied to the studies of the transport phenomena in the oceanic flows. Another interesting and valuable aspects of this volume is the multi-disciplinary nature plus the contributions provided by the theoreticians and experimentalists and other professionals from very diverse fields, from marine biology up to the mathematics.

Today, we know that there is an incresingly high interest in the DOM, standing for the dissolved organic matter, and the reason is mostly because DOM plays one of the critically important roles in both global and oceanic cycling of carbon, which directly impacts weather. The primary goal of professionals in the fields of oceanography and marine biogeochemistry over the past decades was to properly understand all underlying processes of occurring during the transformations of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and other major chemical elements in the ocean waters.

The publication is arranged in sixteen chapters containing nearly two hundred informative figures and data tables, valuable reports on the major technological advances in the subject area, made by a group of experienced and world recognized pros in oceanography. Moreover, in it focusing on the major role that DOM plays in elemental cycling, and this is actually the area with a great informational demand.

Denniss Hansell and Craig Carlson did a remarkably good job in covering, in a single volume, literally all important aspects of the biogeochemistry of marine DOM and also providing a truly comprehensive review and introducing all important key issues, that made the present title maybe the best and definitely most up-to-date of those available today.

The energy of ocean waves and of the renewable energy resources provides quite small but still significant proportion of the future energy needs without adding to global warming and also pollution of the environment. The present concise and very practical reference book prepared by John Brook describes several alternative methods of application, and also sheds the light on the technical concepts standing behind the conversion of the waves energy; the author has also investigated the wave power activities all around the world.

The volume presents the exploration of the potential of the energy that can be obtained from the ocean waves - historically, this source of energy is well known for its great destructive power and strength. However, as you will see from this book, this source of energy can and shall be converted into useful work. Of course, some of the methods of conversion are still under development but there is some significant progress and subject systems will most probably be introduced soon.

The issue is that the cost of energy obtained using these methods, remains relatively high; however, they are expected to come down quite considerably, bearing in mind that the experience is growing. It is anticipated that this type of energy eventually replace or at least supplement significant portion of conventionally generated energy...

Since the world ocean covers more than seventy percent of the planet's surface and has the average depth of  almost four kilometers, it should not be too surprising that the exchanges occurring there between the atmosphere and the ocean exert quite significant influences on the climate of Earth. The great variety within the ocean's expanses shall also be taken into account, including large differences in temperatures and huge biological diversity that is brought about by chemical diversity in the same environment.

The present publication has been compiled by a group of internationally recognized and experienced professionals in the field of marine chemistry, with the intention to offer readers a very authoritative and truly multi-disciplinary technical review of the subject topic. The content of the title also includes a thorough review of the existing challenges and opportunities connected with the development of the pharmaceutical from the sea water, together with the examination of pollution and contamination of the marine environment - this is actually considered one of the most serious threats.

The book shall be used worldwide and will be of great use to both students and professionals, engaging their further interest and close attention to the topics addressed within the publication. It is really an essential reading for them due to the expert and concise review provided.

The publication was released to present the ongoing trends in the scientific researches related to the underwater acoustic wave inverse/direct problems. We consider the "ocean-seabed" system an acoustic wave guide, and in fact this volume is the only one treating the inverse problems. The authors of the title treat the acoustic wave propagation for different seabed types and consider the direct/inverse problems in realistic environments of the ocean.

They have emphasized the computation of the Green's functions and have added some completely new material relating to the poro-elastic and elastic types of seabed. They have also addressed numerous areas of the practical interest mainly relating to the underwater acoustic imaging, covering the ecological cleanup and surveys, means of protection of the open-water harbours, proper maintenance of the offshore oil-and-gas enterprises, together with other relevant and important areas of concern. It shall be treated as an excellent math treatise.

The book will be very useful because of the information contained - note that the waveguide inversion problems are not actually addressed in too many reference books and this book is also intended to fill the gap in the information with this regard, with particular attention paid by the authors to the forward scattering problem.