Cargo Handling

The present official release by the P&I Club specialists is mainly focusing on several specific issues related to the wet cargo. The booklet starts with the intro followed by some statistical data. Then there is the information on the immediate causes and types of damaged cargo collected in the period 2008-2012, followed by the description of the water ingress detection systems, cargo hatch covers and bilge systems together with their maintenance.

Leaking covers of the manholes have also been addressed. In addition, there are several IRCA cases included in the booklet covering the flooding of the cargo holds and leaking bilge valves plus preventive measures to be implemented. The recurring issues noted when analyzing the numerous cases and include leaking covers of the manholes and holds, damaged lines and valves, and also poor condition of the rubber seals. And the main areas of concern were the insufficient experience of the crew members, not paying due attention to the bilge alarms, no proper risk assessment conducted, wrong or inadequate location of the alarm panels, insufficient maintenance and others.

The recommended preventive measures would include placing all bolts and nuts in place and tightening them, checking the completeness of the tightening additionally by two people, providing the proper operating order of the cargo hold ventilators etc.

This presentation is dedicated to the transportation of liquefied gas. It contains an overview of some methods used for mitigating the risks and describes potential hazards of LNG and LPG, and summarizes various techniques to minimize their risks on the vessels, at terminals and jetties, combined operating practices and procedures, contingency planning. The presentation starts with some historical background.

The marine transportation of LPG started before the World War Two and was conducted in the pressurized containment and in relatively small quantities. Transportation of LNG started several years after that, in 1959. Today, there are more than thousand of gas carriers. The major hazard associated with the marine transportation of all liquefied gases is not their liquefied form but rather the vapor released. The heat is released, subsequently, that may ignite and cause fire.

With regard to the possible pollution of the marine environment, liquefied gases are neither toxic nor persistent so shall not be considered water pollutants; however, possible explosions was obviously cause lethal effects to various marine organisms - but in general the environmental hazard is less than the one of the crude oil spills...

The full name of this document is Survey of Cargo Handling Research Relative to the MOB (Mobile Offshore Base) needs. Subject research was performs and results released by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The MOB management team of the ONR (Office of Naval Research) considered crane development a critical technology required for any feasible mobile offshore base.

Subsequently, they requested the NIST to asses the present-day state of practice in the field of crane automation as well as motion compensation. The present survey report is aimed to set a baseline and identify any further research required in order to satisfy the gaps in the technology, should any of the be revealed. The survey scope includes cranes and any other auto-technology utilized when performing the LO/LO transfer of cargo, including the containers. The authors made the emphasis on the containers transfer between the container vessels and mobile offshore bases.

The issues related to the loading/unloading cargo brought by air are not dealt with in this report. the requirements applicable to the mobile offshore base cranes have mostly be developed in the NIST lab researches; however, some additional input was made by various developers of the MOB concept...

This Guide was developed and released by the professionals of the Wallenius Wilhelmsen company, one of the world leaders in the field of the marine cargo transportation. The booklet is divided into three basic parts, namely Handling, Static Cargo, and Equipment.

The Company carries huge volumes of static cargo all around the world, including machinery items, which require very careful hndling fue to the electronics fitted. The cargo to be transported is usually stowed on rolltrailers; however, the bolsters are also in use for the relatively small cargoes. In turn, bolsters and rolltrailers are secured to the ship's deck. The transporters must give due care and consideration to the details of cargo securing in order to avoid any possible mechanical stress since this can easily result in the damage to the cargo. Please note that this publication shall not be treated as the textbook; this is rather the booklet describing the company's experience and outlining some major static cargo transportation techniques.

However, it will definitely be useful for people involved in marine transportation of cargoes since the techniques contained in it are worth having a look. It also addresses such issues as moving the cargo across land and sea, and bringing distances from shore to the sea

The present Standard shall be considered the basic source reference of proper planning, safe handling and stowage, as well as securing and lashing of project cargoes. It is applicable to all vessels and forms a part of Rickmers-Linie QMS. Its declared purpose and spirit is to get the ship owners, stevedores and, in fact, any other involved parties informed about the safe cargo securing and handling techniques.

All technical details of this Standard fully comply with the IMO Res. A.714(17), as amended. The document, in particular, is intended to provide detailed info on the lifting, bedding, securing and lashing of transported cargo and also deals with the equipment utilized; the maintenance related issues have also been addressed. The cargo information that must be supplied by the shippers as per SOLAS Chapter IV reg. 2, has also been described in this standard, together with the required configuration of bedding areas, securing points and lifting provisions.

These aspects are to correspond with the tensile strength of the securing gear on board of the vessel as well as the deck layout. In case the requirements stated in this Standard cannot be met, an alternative solution providing the equivalent safety level is to be applied. 

With the expansion that happened to the world energy over the past century the oil has become the major player, capable of meeting all the energy needs. Before that, coal used to be the main fossil; however, oil started to play more and more important role as it is easier to store and handle.

This revised and updated edition of the Handbook addresses the most important developments in oil tankers and the equipment utilized for handling the oil; the chemical and LNG tankers are also covered. Nowadays, marine transportation of oil is a vast industry and the importance of safety matters caused a huge number of national and international regulations to be developed and implemented.

All those regulations are updated on the regular basis and all crew members are obliged to be familiar with them and get all necessary training in order to meet the requirements. Quite a lot time passed since first edition of this book was released; the author tried to retain most part of the material related to the older ships even in the new releases of the Handbook, for broader view and proper understanding of the subject. In this latest edition the COW systems have also been covered due to their input in the environment protection.

This is the Discussion Paper dedicated to the Types of LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) Carriers, prepared by the Shipping International Ltd. It was abbreviated from the Tanker Safety Training (LNG) publication. All gas cargoes can be transported only in a form of a liquid (i.e. neither gas nor even vapor) and, taking into account their physical/chemical properties, they have to be either at pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, or at temperatures below ambient temperature; the third option is in fact a combination of first two.

That is why all gas carriers are usually divided in three groups - fully-pressurized, semi-pressurized and refrigerated, and fully refrigerated. However, it shall be noted that the grouping names stated above are mostly used when discussing the types and classes of LPG rather than carriers of natural gas.

Take your time and just go through this short but very informative booklet and you will get a good knowledge of the nomenclature of the gas carriers and will be much more familiar with their types, general technical characteristics, descriptions of the construction and equipment, main advantages and disadvantages of the particular type etc. - excellent for training purposes.

The most of content of this paper is mainly intended to provide the industry players with all necessary technical guidance directly relating to the safe loading and stowage, securing and also discharging of the heavy-lifts/project cargoes. It reflects the remarkable results of the creative collaboration that took place between the various departments of the Club and professional marine insurers of the Allianz AGCS supplemented with the expert input provided by the Cwaves specialists.

The was a serious need for the publication of this kind, noting the constantly increasing attention to the insufficient skills and professional expertise and resources... This official UK P&I Club publication will clearly explain what the project cargoes are and why special attention may be required; the authors of this booklet have specifically addressed all relevant shipping industry regulations, plus the applicable rules, codes and guidelines, telling the interested readers about vessel types and their suitability, necessary voyage instructions; other topics include - The cargo and the vessel; Loading/discharge; Stowage requirements and cargo securing; The voyage; Record keeping ad relevant recommendations, plus other publications...