The present introductory volume was prepared by the specialists of the OffshoreEnergy to serve as a nice and informatory textbook to the offshore oil & gas industry. The material is arranged in a number of easily readable and understandable sections covering the most important aspects.
The main idea of the authors was to work out the book that would be interesting to the people even outside the industry, owing to which approach the volume will be a perfect one to the newcomers to the industry and even those thinking of linking their life to the oil and gas exploration and production.
In most cases, these people would need a good overview of the industry. The book opens with the top important topic, i.e. health and safety, including the procedures involves, hazards and work management systems, mandatory safety training and other matters.
Then, the reader continues to explore the essential info about oil and gas, geology, exploration, drilling operations and subsea technologies, structures, upstream/downstream logistics and many others.
For more than forty years, John Gaythwaite's "Design of Marine Facilities" title has stood as a premier reference for the engineering and design of ports, harbors, and marine terminals. The third edition upholds this distinguished tradition, offering precise and authoritative insights that civil engineers need for constructing and maintaining the infrastructures essential for berthing, mooring, and repairing ocean-going vessels.
The author delves into a broad range of topics critical to the field, including, but now limited, to the ship characteristics and various design features of facilities, different loads and fender systems, fixed structures, geotechnical design etc. This edition offers a comprehensive revision and substantial updates, with expanded coverage on critical topics such as seismic design, tsunami impacts, sea level rise, and the design of fixed aids to navigation.
It also incorporates new insights into the rehabilitation, maintenance, and repair of marine facilities, alongside facility inspection, assessment, and life-cycle asset management. With its practical perspective and clear explanations, "Design of Marine Facilities: Engineering for Port and Harbor Structures" is an indispensable resource for port authority engineers, marine terminal operators, marine contractors, port planners, and other industry professionals. Additionally, it serves as an excellent introductory text for students exploring the fundamentals of marine facility design.
As we are all aware, the shipboard ORB, standing for the Oil Record Book, is the formal document, providing the official evidence of compliance of the ship with the relevant requirement and instructions, outlined in the MARPOL Oil Pollution Prevention Annex I. That is the main reason why the responsible personnel shall possess clear understanding and knowledge of how the entries shall be made to the Oil Record Book of their vessel.
The present guidebook is there to provide brief explanation of the nice codes that are normally use when recording the oil operations, supplemented with the real examples of their application. For instance, the Code A is dealing with the ballasting/fuel oil tank cleaning activities, that shall be duly recorded in the ship's Oil Record Book with proper identification of the ballasted tanks, and information related to the cleaning and ballasting processes, while the Code B addresses the dirty ballast discharge. In short, one has to know how to fill and maintain the ORB at all times.
EMSA has developed a methodology to analyze the data reported in the European Marine Casualty Information Platform (EMCIP) with the aim of identifying potential safety issues. To evaluate the practicality and effectiveness of this methodology, an analysis was conducted specifically focusing on fishing vessels.
The project was carried out on two levels: a high-level analysis of all reported occurrences, including both investigated and non-investigated cases, to prepare general statistics and identify possible trends, and a detailed examination of "accidental events," "contributing factors," and "safety recommendations" based on the outcome of the completed investigations.
Through this analysis, several potential safety issues related to maritime casualties involving ships were identified, including safety assessment, training issues, legislation, work practices, maintenance, and management, and emergency tools. In addition, the safety assessment methods used onboard fishing vessels were highlighted as significant safety concerns for occupational accidents. These findings represent the results of the data analysis from reported incidents in the EMCIP and should serve as a foundation for a more formal and detailed examination of each area of concern.
The methodology applied has proven effective in detecting safety issues, thus establishing a robust baseline for any further analysis of data stored in the EMCIP. This document not only presents the outcomes of the analysis but also aims to propose a template for future similar analyses based on the methodology utilized.
A fire needs a chemical reaction between three elements to live. Those three elements are oxygen, heat, and fuel. By eliminating one of these elements, you can extinguish a fire. However, there are different classes of fire that require different methods of extinguishing. There are fire classes of fire as below:
- Class “A” fires are started from combustible materials, such as wood, paper, clothing, and plastics; practicing good housekeeping is the best way to prevent these fires from occurring.
- Class “B” fires are caused by flammable liquids such as gasoline, petroleum oil, and paint. However, they can also be started by flammable gases like propane and butane. These fires are common in areas like the
engine room.
- Class “C” fires involve energized electrical equipment, such as transformers, motors, and other electrical equipment commonly found onboard ship.
- Class “D” fires occur when a combustible metal catches fire. Aluminum, magnesium, and other metals can catch fire. These fires are extremely hot and difficult to extinguish, as they create their own oxygen. A special extinguishing agent must be used that interferes with the chemical reaction.
- Class “K” fires typically occur in the galley with cooking oils and greases, like animal and vegetable fans.
All these fires are fueled by different combustibles and often require different types of extinguishing agents. One of the most widely used extinguishers is the multi-purpose dry chemical extinguisher. This agent creates a barrier between the oxygen and the fuel. These extinguishers are used on class “A”, “B” and “C” fires. While the dry chemical can be used on electrical fire, it will often cause damage to electrical components and circuitry. In this case, CO2 is a better choice.
Ordinary dry chemical extinguishers work by interrupting the chemical reaction and should only be used on class “B” and “C” fires.
Water and foam extinguishers are used for fighting small class “A” fires. These extinguishers and hoses take away the heat element with the water, and the foam separates the oxygen from the other elements.
Water hoses are used in the event of class “A” or class “C” fires. They are also effective when fighting petroleum fires. In other fires, the stream could spread the flammable liquid or create a shock hazard.
Carbon dioxide extinguishers take the oxygen element out of the fire and then remove the heat with the cold discharge. CO2 is heavier than air and will therefore displace the air at the base of the fire where combustion occurs. These extinguishers shall only be used on class “B” and “C” fires. CO2 extinguishers are more effective in close spaces as opposed to the open areas such as the deck where the gas can be dispersed.
The multi-purpose cartridge extinguishers, like the stored pressure extinguishers, are effective in fighting class “A”, “B” and “C” fires by creating a barrier between oxygen and fuel.
Clean agent extinguishers extinguish class “B” and “C” fires. Larger clean agent extinguishers can also be used on “A”, “B” and “C” fires. Clean agent extinguishers include halon and halon-carbon agents and extinguish fires by interrupting chemical reaction of the fire triangle.
To fight a class “D” combustible metal fire, you should use the dry powder not dry chemical extinguisher. This special fire extinguishing agent breaks the fire chain at the molecular level, preventing combusting.
To fight class “K” fire in a galley, you will have to use the wet chemical agent which removes heat from the fires and creates barrier between the oxygen and the fuel, preventing re-ignition.
Make sure that the extinguishers are placed in the correct areas and are not covered in any way. Instruction on how to operate the extinguisher must be facing out.
Fire extinguishers are required to be visually examined every monthly and serviced annually.
In addition to fire extinguishers, a ship will most probably have a built-in fire
suppression system, and its components are fire hoses, nozzles, piping, and fire pumps. In the engine room one will also find built-in sprinkler systems, along with semi-portable CO2 fire extinguishers.
Older steamships may have steam smothering lines in the cargo spaces.
Detection sensors are installed throughout the ship, and will sound an alarm in the presence of smoke, fumes, steam, or heat.
There will be a master alarm panel installed on the navigation bridge, and, possibly, in the engine control room. When a sensor is triggered, a panel will show the location of the event, allowing a rapid response to the possible fire.
This nearly perfect volume features a collection of invited contributions focused on the application of mathematics in naval engineering. Advocating for a more integrated approach that surpasses traditional scientific boundaries, leading experts present interdisciplinary tools and models across a wide array of topics. Each chapter highlights key methods, emerging research directions, and applications of analytical techniques within the field.
The book explores fundamental scientific and mathematical concepts as they relate to subjects such as the butterfly structure of the FFT, the acoustic impedance of pistons in a two-layer medium, deterministic batch trackers, spline equations, moving horizons estimation, membership games for sensor network planning, statistical models for inertial sensors, random flight searches in confined domains, the acoustics of mixed porosity felt airfoils, and an innovative aft boundary condition for towed flexible cylinders.
Rigorously peer-reviewed and thoughtfully presented for a diverse audience, this volume is ideal for graduate and postdoctoral students engaged in interdisciplinary research. Researchers in applied mathematics and the sciences will find this book to be a valuable resource, showcasing the latest advancements in the field. In line with the STEAM-H series, this volume aims to foster interdisciplinary understanding and collaboration.
The present publication shall be treated as one of the most authoritative resources for litigation in the admiralty court, offering unparalleled commentary and analysis of admiralty law along with insights on the court's jurisdiction and procedures. Here is the fifth edition of this brilliant title, which has become the premier reference for contemporary maritime practitioners.
It addresses various topics not found elsewhere, such as the effects of insolvency, the relationship between jurisdiction and practice, applicable limitation periods, the influence of international conventions, and the litigative approach to collision claims.
This updated edition incorporates new case law and significant changes to practice and procedure and it also discusses the implications of Brexit and updates to CPR Part 61 and its associated practice directions, particularly concerning limitation claims and the recent rules for pleading collision claims. This book is the essential choice for anyone engaged with admiralty law, serving as a crucial resource for maritime professionals in England and the international common law community.
Here is one more guidebook belonging to the Master's Guides series developed and released by the experts of The Standard Club, sharing their valuable experience with the idea of promoting the best practice and raising seamen's awareness of the fire safety and associated risks, particularly onboard ferry vessels of today.
The content of the volume will be equally useful for every person serving onboard ships, and the other categories of people engaged in the maritime industry will definitely benefit. This is not a textbook, so the readers are expected to possess some basic knowledge and understanding of the topic.
And this knowledge will be significantly expanded by applying the information shared in the pages of this volume, addressing the most critical areas of fire prevention, as well as detecting fires and fighting them, with due attention paid to the advantages and disadvantages of every single method covered. As a result, people who have acquainted themselves with this book, will be better prepared to fight and sort of fire.